CHAPTER 8 & 9: DIGITAL STORAGE & OPERATING SYSTEM

STORAGE

1.      A storage medium is the physical material on which a computer keeps data, information, programs, and applications.

2.      Cloud storage is another storage option, in which the actual online storage media used is transparent to the user

3.      Capacity is the number of bytes a storage medium can hold

4.      Access time measures:

·         The amount of time it takes a storage device to locate an item on a storage medium

·         The time required to deliver an item from memory to the processor

HARD DISKS

1.      A hard disk contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information

2.      A head crash occurs when a read/write head touches the surface of a platter

3.      Always keep a backup of hard disk

4.      An external hard disk is a separate freestanding storage device that connects with a cable to a USB port or other port on a computer or mobile device

FLASH MEMORY STORAGE

1.      Flash memory chips are a type of solid state media and contain no moving parts

2.      SSD (solid state drive) vs HDD:

SSD	HDD
High price(1TB≈RM1000)	Low price(1TB≈RM160-200)
Smaller capacity (max1TB lp/4TB pc)	Big capacity (max4TB lp/10TB pc)
Short lifespan	Long lifespan
Low power consumption (2W)	Higher power consumption (7W)
High speed (200-550Mb/s)	Lower speed (50-120Mb/s)

3.      A memory card is a removable flash memory device that you insert and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card reader/writer

4.      USB flash drives plug into a USB port on a computer or mobile device.

CLOUD STORAGE

Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides storage to computer or mobile device users

OPTICAL DISCS

1.      An optical disc consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser.

2.      Optical discs commonly store items in a single track that spirals from the center of the disc to the edge of the disc

3.      Track is divided into evenly sized sector

4.      CD

                               I.            A CD-ROM can be read from but not writable or erasable.

-          Single-session disc

                            II.            A CD-R is an optical disc on which users can write once, but not erase

                         III.            A CD-RW is an erasable multisession disc

1.      DVD

                               I.            A DVD-ROM is a high-capacity optical disc on which users can read but not write on or erase

                            II.            A DVD-R or DVD+R are competing DVD-recordable WORM formats, on which users can write once but not erase

                         III.            DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD+RAM are high-capacity rewritable DVD formats

OTHER TYPES OF STORAGE

1.      A magnetic stripe card contains a magnetic stripe that stores information

2.      A smart card stores data on an integrated circuit embedded in the card

3.      Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

4.      The RFID tag consists of an antenna and a memory chip that contains the information to be transmitted via radio waves

5.      An RFID reader reads the radio signal and transfers the information to a computer or computing device

6.      Microfilm and microfiche store microscopic images of documents on a roll or sheet film

OPERATING SYSTEM

An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer and mobile device hardware

Starting Computers and Mobile Devices

If a computer or mobile device is off, you press a power button to turn it on

A user interface (UI) controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen

With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and visual images

How an operating system handles programs directly affects your productivity

The operating system determines the order in which tasks are processed

Operating systems typically provide a means to establish Internet connections

Operating systems often provide users with a variety of tools related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs

Automatic update automatically provides new features or corrections to the program

A user account enables a use to sign in to, or access resources on, a network or computer

A user name, or user ID, identifies a specific user

A password is a private combination of characters associated with the user name

 

Types of Operating Systems

 

A desktop operating system is a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets

Windows 8 offers these features:

        i.            Start screen interface with tiles

      ii.            Includes the desktop interface

    iii.            Support for input via touch, mouse, and keyboard

    iv.            Email app, calendar app, and browser included

      v.            Enhanced security through an antivirus program, firewall, and automatic updates

    vi.            Windows Store offers additional applications for purchase

The Macintosh operating system has earned a reputation for its ease of use

Latest version is OS X

Server Operating Systems

Mobile Operating Systems

The operating system on mobile devices and many consumer electronics is called a mobile operating system and resides on firmware

Android is an open source, Linux-based mobile operating system designed by Google for smartphones and tablets

 

iOS, developed by Apple, is a proprietary mobile operating system specifically made for Apple’s mobile devices

 

Windows Phone, developed by Microsoft, is a proprietary mobile operating system that runs on some smartphones

 

CHAPTER 7: INPUT AND OUTPUT

WHAT IS INPUT?

1.      Input is any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer.

1.      KEYBOARDS
A keyboard is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile device

·         An ergonomic keyboard has a design that reduces the chance of repetitive strain injuries

·         Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of the workplace

2.      POINTING DEVICES

·         A pointer is a small symbol on the screen whose location and shape change as a user moves a pointing device

·         A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand comfortably

-          Optical mouse, laser mouse, and touch mouse

3.      PEN INPUT

·         With pen input, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write, draw, or make selections

·         A graphics tablet, also called a digitizer, is an electronic plastic board that detects and converts movements of a style or digital pen into signals that are sent to the computer

4.      MOTION INPUT

·         With motion input, sometimes called gesture recognition, users can guide on-screen elements using air gestures

Example of motion input(XBOX360)

5.      VOICE INPUT

·         Voice input is the process of entering input by speaking into a microphone

·         Voice recognition, also called speech recognition, is the computer or mobile device’s capability of distinguishing spoken words.

6.      AUDIO INPUT

·         Audio input is the process of entering any sound into the computer such as speech, music, and sound effects

·         Music production software allows users to record, compose, mix, and edit music and sounds

7.      VIDEO INPUT

·         Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and storing them on a computer or mobile device’s storage medium

·         A webcam is a type of digital video (DV) camera that enables a user to:

·

                               I.            Capture video and still images

                            II.            Send email messages with video attachments

                         III.            Add live images to instant messages

                         IV.            Broadcast live images over the Internet

                            V.            Conduct videoconferences

                         VI.            Make video calls

8.      SCANNERS AND READING DEVICES

·         A scanner is a light-sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form the computer can process.

-          A flatbed scanner works in a manner similar to a copy machine except it creates a file of the document in memory instead of a paper copy

·         An optical reader is a device that uses a light source to read characters,  marks, and codes and then converts them into digital data that a computer can process

                                                       I.            Optical character recognition (OCR)

                                                    II.            Optical mark recognition (OMR

·         A bar code reader, also called a bar code scanner uses laser beams to read bar codes

·         A QR code stores information in both a vertical and horizontal direction

·         Magstripe readers read the magnetic stripe on the back of cards such as:

                                                       I.            Credit cards

                                                    II.            Entertainment cards

                                                 III.            Bank cards

                                                 IV.            Identification cards

WHAT IS OUTPUT?

Output is data that has been processed into a useful form.

1.      DISPLAYS

·         A display visually conveys text, graphics, and video information

·         A monitor is a display that is packaged as a separate peripheral device

      - LCD monitor

·         Today’s monitors use a digital signal to produce a picture

·         To display the highest quality images, the monitor should plug into:

- A DVI port

- An HDMI port

- A Display Port

·         Home users sometimes use a digital television (DTV) as a display

·     HDTV is the most advanced form of digital television. A Smart TV is an Internet-enabled HDTV

2.      PRINTERS

·      A printer produces text and graphics on a physical medium

·      A nonimpact printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually contacting the paper

             I.            An ink-jet printer forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper

·         Color or black-and-white

·         Speed is measured by the number of pages per minute (ppm) it can print

             II.            Laser printer

·         High speed

·         High quality

·         Color

·         Black and white

             III.            An all-in-one printer is a single device that prints, scans, copies, and in some cases, faxes

·         Sometimes called a multifunction  printer

             IV.          A thermal printer generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against the heat-sensitive paper

               V.            A mobile printer is a small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows a mobile user to print from a mobile device

          VI.            A label printer is a small printer that prints on an adhesive-type material that can be placed on a variety of items

      VII.            Impact printers form characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper

3.      OTHER OUTPUT DEVICES

            I.            Many users attach surround sound speakers or speaker systems to their computers, game consoles, and mobile devices to generate higher-quality sounds

            II.            Headphones are speakers that cover or are placed outside of the ear

            III.          Earbuds (also called earphones) rest inside the ear canal

        IV.       A data projector is a device that takes the text and images displaying on a computer or mobile device screen and projects them on a larger screen.

       V.           Joysticks, wheels, gamepads, and motion-sensing game controllers can be considered output devices when they include force feedback

·         Technology that sends resistance to the device in response to actions of the user

4.      ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY INPUT AND OUTPUT

Braille printer

Braille input

MICROSOFT POWER POINT

What i have learn from this app is how to put hyperlink, button home, statistic and graph in the powerpoint, music and how to hyperlink with the video.

hyperlink with video

hyperlink

Statistic

Put sound in the powerpoint

This is video that i hyperlink